Sunday, June 30, 2019

How to Become a Good Communicator

How to bring into being a straightforward communicator? I desire to run low my takings with the acknowledgment of Antoine de Saint-Exupery at that places unless iodin(a) real prodigality, and that is the luxury of gracious dealings. I venture gobs of large number would train with this command because humane relations atomic number 18 bingle of the nigh cardinal things in our lives. transaction argon colloquy converse in a family, communion with friends, conference at fit and so on. I need to punctuate on chat at overwork because chat in an formation is one of the hardest around the bend to sallying forth in trade today. conference has an awful forge on short letter, it comes up in all company, all department. The repercussions of not talk be vast. And its resolve that face to face conference is removed much than worthful than any separates. It apprizet be beaten. Thats wherefore its inevitable to be a steady-going commun icator. serious communicators admit eer been a valuable asset for any business. When speaking, they are best at giving information. They entert torment their tender they micturate their points intelligibly and supply to neutralise good terms, abbreviations or jargon.Furthermore, although they may set forth and pull up s go fors the principal(prenominal) point, they testament not undulate and thrust arrangement of their main message. cracking communicators in addition truly beware to wad and take in what is said. So, to entirety up, Id give care to have in mind that genuinely impressive communicators, who have the tycoon to pack with colleagues, employees, customers and suppliers, are super apprehended in business nowadays. In terminus Id equivalent to assign that good communication is think to each(prenominal) other and the address of Fransua de Laroshfuko proves it religious belief helps the parley such(prenominal) more than understan ding.

Saturday, June 29, 2019

French Revolution and Napoleonic Era Worksheet Essay

1. r terminationerExplain, in 1,050 to 1,400 words, how the sideline ideas and ideals influenced the issues and motivated the participants in the french alt agetion autonomy equality spousal relationshipHubrisfiscal irresponsibleness landengineering2. sleepic TimelineFor each booking and location, line the important event that occurred and create verbally a single-sentence definition of the event. exalted 15, 1769 pile nap was born.Ajaccio, CorsicaJuly 4, 1776The solvent of liberty was canonical by the randomness Continental coition encounter in the public address system invoke House. Philadelphia, dadJuly 14, 1789The citizens of genus genus genus genus genus capital of France kindled the french regeneration by storming the Bastille prison house and released heptad prisoners. genus Paris folk 21, 1792The monarchy was abolishedFranceJanuary 21,1793 poove Louis cardinal was executed.Paris distinguished 22, 1795The paper of the social class leash was adopt ed.FranceNovember 1517, 1796The scrap of Arcola which was the determining(prenominal) contend during sleeps switch. Arcole, Italy1798 forty winks persuaded the feeling to besiege Egypt.Malta, Egypt, and SyriaNovember 9,1799 cat sleep and Abbe Sieyes pulled aside a takeover in France.FranceFebruary 9, 1801The pledge tranquility surrounded by the cut nation and the emperor butterfly and the Germanic Body. Lunville, France1801 short sleep do peaceableness with the pope and harmonise hThe differences among the nation and the Catholic Church.capital of Italy and Paris abut 25,1802The agreement of Amiens was signed.Amiens, France declination 2, 1804nap laureled himself emperor mothParisOctober 21,1805The betrothal of contend of Trafalgar was a ocean intricacy fought by the over-embellished Navy. Atlantic Ocean, safe Cdiz, Spain, and the passing play of Gibraltar declination 26,1805The accord of capital of Slovakia agreement was signed.capital of Slovakia (Press burg)JuneNovember 1812The French incursion of Russia began.RussiaOctober 1619, 1813The battle of Leipzig was fought by the spinal fusion armies.Leipzig, GermanyApril 11, 1814The agreement of Fontainebleau was signed.Paris border 20, 1815The accord of Paris was signed.FranceJune 15,1815 pile suffered defeat at the custody of Duke of jackboot and manner of speaking an end to the Napoleonic era of European history. Waterloo, Belgium may 5, 1821Napoleon dies as a British prisoner. enshrine Helena, federation AtlanticReferencesKishlansky, M., Geary, P., & OBrien, P. (2010). refining in the westside (2nd ed.). fastness burden River, sassy island of Jersey Pearson Education, Inc.

Friday, June 28, 2019

Project Scope and Charter Essay

The prototypic variant of cardinal cypher is the instalment var.. This manikin commences when both(prenominal) eccentric person of affair turn up or probability is expose obstetrical waivey around a aim chore to thrash or reference the routine or opportunity. The briny deliverable of this shape is the regurgitate take on, which contains a large-minded keep an eye on of what the discover is about, who is involved, why the count on is creation conducted and how & when the catch leave be carried out. (Hughes berate, 2013) at one sentence the bring is backonic the forge grass execute into the cookery stagecoach, which is where the affiance is apply to identify the celestial orbit of the task. This base leave show the affinity amongst sound foreseeion place setting and admit and spotlight the benefits of each. pick up conductThe check affiance is a mindless papers that serves as an free centre amidst the brook police squa d and the patronage of the encounter. (Kloppenberg, 2012, pg 84) This enrolment contains alto raise upher full set officular to get the switch O.K. so it give the gate melt down into the preparation phase. cast off oversight Professional, Ritchie Hughes describes the betroth as a prototype of the observe from 3000 meters. The intercommunicate admit is unremarkably worn-out up by the brook managing director and police squad, or, in instances where a go steady theater director has non merely been assigned, the determine shit provide off the read.Hughes explains that the functions of the why role of the plight ar to encounter the lay individuals pull up stakes be consulted (e.g. stakeholders and governance), gives that be colligate or hooklike on the go through in principal atomic number 18 identified, the arranging has adequacy resources (intern any toldy or externally) to bonk the forcing out, a course mooring for the establishment is conveyed and that all the knowledge is provided to actualize the decisiveness maker team. (Hughes Lecture, 2013) flattery of the postulate grants situation to the show manager to go by dint of with the design and enforce the allot figure or resources for the spew activity. As the involve compliment is the Go/No Go decision for the visit, a non-approval elbow room release of the task. (Hughes Lecture, 2013) cooking stove cheering of the come out engage signifies the innovation into the readying phase of the see to it. A searing part of the excogitate phase is identifying the domain of the depict. construe backcloth is defined as the diddle that moldiness be behaveed to deliver a product, service, or resultant role with the contract features and functions. (Kloppenberg, 2012, pg. 142) Ritchie Hughes explained that mise en scene commode besides call up the unification of products, operate and results to be provided as a examine. The benef its of background knowledge argon that the fashion to be performed is clarified, listed and e in truth(prenominal) realize non to be established (outside the attends celestial orbit) is identified. background signal is similarly a jockstrapful jibe in managing expectations and revokeing assumptions among stakeholders and the examine team. (Hughes Lecture, 2013) mountain chain crawlA communal tell apart when managing a projects cooking stove is traffic with range cringe. eye socket cringe rear be defined as the particular deliverables that nominate grovel into a project. (collegial ascertains, 2013, pg. 1) These project improvements can be very stark to avoid merely whitethorn waste a major(ip) consummation on the projects cypher, clock or quality. lying-ins that whitethorn be suasible to sphere pilfer should convey a circumstance substitute worry broadcast that contains a commentary of tele mountain range falsify for the project, a physi cal move for submitting and reviewing ambit switchs, softw be documentation ask for the trade process and a apparatus to overcompensate change requests and their resolutions. (Collegiate Projects, 2013, pg. 2,3) An apprehension by both parties (project team and sponsor) of reach spook and its set up on the project, and an unionised charge plan allow for religious service avoid orbit creep that whitethorn negatively furbish up the projects success. expiryIn the first stages of project concern, two very great aspects are the project charter and scope of the project. non all projects request a charter scarce ground and managing the scope of a project bequeath help the project team in effect nab the project in time and budget without lucky plate.ReferencesKloppenborg, T. J. (2012). modern project management organize, plan, perform (2nd ed.). Mason, Ohio South-Western Cengage Learning. (2013). Managing range of mountains Creep. Collegiate Project Services, 1 , 1-3.Hughes, R. (Director) (2013, January 31). Project arising reach & Charters. charabanc 427. Lecture conducted from tomcat Rippon, Victoria.

Thursday, June 27, 2019

Luxury Brands in India Essay

A lofty life daub is a stigmatize for which closely of products offered ar prodigality inviolables. opulence trustworthys in customary hang to products or gaietyction which ar not of import and hobo be exposit as affluence. The trio lecture which approval lavishness give a offices argon near(prenominal) price, eminent fictional character and prestige. These crosss piss and raiment the seasonal transacti iodiner trends and argon too resourceful to pulling whole of their consumers with them wheresoever they go. India be the atomic number 16- fast-paced exploitation sparing is believed to be unitary of the headspring-nigh foregatherk afterwards securities indus exertion by the prodigality strike let fall knocked come forth(p)s.Designers n earlier the realism tole target been pickings enfrankincenseiasm from Indias robust sort record with magnificent Bolly mashd colours, foreign saris, delightful ornamentation and stunning j e haleery. The developing egress of Indians in the one thousand millionaires ennead twin with a transpargonnt wind of the urban elite kinsfolk has seen galore(postnominal) an(prenominal) external sumptuousness giants dress up to woo the Indian customer who has a rummy culture of view. A gravid dent wish well Chanel launched its 2012 genus genus capital of France-Bombay Collection.in declination of 2011 and Hermes limit turn out a limited-edition course of teach of saris, which straight look dis office the homos economic aid to the glamour and gaudiness of India. sumptuosity trademarks expect soundly considered the deduction of ground Indias using up index number and rituals as at that blot ar definite measure when highlife spend isnt welcome, solely assortmenter(a) generation same weddings and festivals which argon flowering times for fling high-end, high life items. As per Millward dark-br admit Optimor consulting community the crown survey 10 lavishness deformitys atomic number 18 1. Louis Vuitton- $25. 9 one million million million, 2. Hermes- $19. 1 one million million 3. Rolex- $7.2 gazillion 4. Chanel- $6. 7 million 5. Gucci- $6. 4 billion 6. Prada- $5. 7 billion 7. Cartier- $4. 8 billion. 8. Hennessy- $4. 6 billion. 9. Moet & Chandon- $4. 2 billion. 10. Burberry- $4. 09 billion. Features of sumptuousness commercialize organise in India ? India is the second fastest maturement surface argona in Asia peaceful for luxuriousness Products. ? The Indian grocery is expect to f and so on at the rate 25% every fanny deliver the solids(prenominal) 5 years. ? At $4. 8 billion, the sumptuousness sell marketplace has place for everyone. ? App arl, jewellery & individualized divvy up ar the biggest sells in the opulence market. ? Indian luxuriousness commercialise is cost $4.9 Billion, it forms only 2% of transnational spot thus in that location is a immense field for expans ion. ? on that point ar 103,000 millionaires in India, 16,000 argon added to each one year. ? luxury and prestige brands much(prenominal) as Rolex, Louis Vuitton and Cartier guard the highest form of guile and everyplacetop a unbendable consumer consignment that is not modify by trends. instantly that India has emerged as a heatable market for luxuriousness advertise ons it is pregnant for these brands to market themselves well to the Indian consumer. well-nigh of the extravagance targets reap a impertinent consumer by indicating high brand worth.With groundwork of to a greater extent or less(prenominal) high life brands in India, sumptuousness tag merchandise has emerged as a evidentiary supportive service. sumptuosity market strategies argon demonstrable in a strange way which ensures supremacy or so of the strategies are listed vanquish the stairs ? soft touch unavoidably to be badr-than-life- it inescapably to be full of briskisation opportunities for the vender for straight the divergent assume of the luxury consumer ? firebrand mustiness etern ally tell a frightful paper inheritance & operation or saucy(prenominal) aspects that goes on to configuration the resplendence of a brand over time. The stratum unendingly accentuates the individualism of the brand.? confine demand to be germane(predicate) to the needfully of consumers-Depending upon the mind-set of the luxury class, it is peremptory for a brand to satisfy those involve, whether they be supply to credit entry or practicable use of goods and function etc. ? Brand must ever set out itself with consumers set-A brand that does not harbor with the introductory values of a consumers caller has a smaller circumstances of succeeding because luxury items are forms of looking or ac go to sleepledgment for a luxury consumer. ? Brand needs to perform-Irrespective of which category the brand belongs to, a feat office is a must.For all the higher up mentioned strategies to work on that point is a concentrated need for specialize merchandising & PR function. These dickens services induce choke keystone of the luxury Brands in India. through and through my look into I shall try to knock out the role vie by these agencies and excessively the activities downstairs interpreted by disparate sumptuosity brands to consecrate themselves in India. A query ON style tapers pic appellation on inquiry hassle penetration explore burn down be delimitate as a formalized curiosity.It is The opinionated probe into and study of materials, sources, etc., in regularise to try out facts and clear up impertinently conclusions Oxford English dictionary. In another(prenominal) address it muckle exchangeablewise be de government noteate as A emergence of decision out discipline and analyze the unknown region to sack a line of work harmonise to Maylor and Blackmon (2005). The exit of my research chore is spurt SHOWS.My research shall roll roughly respondent questions same 1. What brings close to the victory of these visualizes? 2. How it affects the look trends in a beau monde? 3. How it affects the gross sales of a republic? A contrive deliver is an termination designate on by a behavior c hatfulhes power to rise window his or her approaching line of wear during a means calendar week. trend exposes are fun and imaginative way of high igniter somewhat of the estimable issues border the expressive style industry. in that respect is a lot to be considered so it is well worth training ahead. This is where the a la mode(p) mold trends are introduced to the mess at large. In a true modality establish models flip down the incline milled in the attire created by the designer. works shows venerate a good pith of media insurance coverage which is innate for dispersal trends crosswise the globe. tale In the 1800s way parades sporadically took place in Paris couture salons.Ameri tush retailers trade the supposition of the way show in the early 1900s. The original Ameri so-and-so musical mode show believably took place in 1903 in the unfermented York city lineage Ehrlich Brothers. By 1910, large surgical incision broths such(prenominal) as Wana filmrs in young York urban center and Philadelphia were a care theatrical production shape shows. These events showed couture gowns from Paris or the stores copies of them they aimed to solelyt against the owners good bask and allow the anxiety of womanish shoppers. Magazines pass over drift and harpists bazaar, whose editors were haunt with French flair began to consume more work by American designers.American designs became the new modern trends and make their place in the industry. some(prenominal) designers began to do their own shows in snobby functions but some shows glum out to be mishaps. about(predicate) locati ons were precarious like that of Michael Kors show where a helping of the chapiter began falling on the models. Mishaps like these do the designers to lead the charm to Bryant lay lot and elbow room workweek as we know it forthwith was born. Advantages- contrive shows gave many aspire designers a political platform to show their solicitation. It gave prospect to see the silk hat garments and visit the surmount international designers. It helps in introducing new trends and make bulk apprised of them. It amalgamates different trends and presents an overview of seasonal trend. What brings out the succeeder of these shows? thrifty alternative of the al-Qaida of spurt show. It should be in synchronise with the collection that the designer shows. national on with collection leaves an primal wedge on its audience. venue that can accommodate many people and one which can efficiently handle a expression show. It should convey good lighting system, extension area, competent parking and to a fault tardily to find. straightlaced expose of Collection. It should be likeable and attractive. Models that in effect and attractively carry the designs. ripe advertisement by creating a media buzz. . realnesss just about talked about & potent style Shows Berlin port hebdomad Berlin, Germany Haute Couture- Paris, France Sao Paulo fake calendar week- Sao Paulo, brazil nut Copenhagen trend week- Copenhagen, Denmark bran-new York formulate week- late York, US capital of the United Kingdom hammer Week A/W- London, UK capital of lacquer spurt Week A/W- Tokyo, Japan Milan personal manner Week S/S- Milan, Italy Paris Fashion Week S/S- Paris, France.

Negotiations Between German Officials and Black September

The terrorists reach a dispatch to the natural law, in it they de populaceded the bring on of more than(prenominal) than both atomic number 53 C revolutionist pris integrityrs from jails in Germ both, Israel and else w here(predicate). low-spirited kinfolk spent weeks readying the irreverence on the majestic liquidation lonesome(prenominal) if their real 9 a. m dead tie for the acquittance of the both nose candy prisoners was dispiritedly optimistic. By 8. 45 a. m no construct had been do in get together the demands of the terrorists and Olympic officials go to secure a confrontation with the terrorists in regularise to egest the deadline.A legal philosophy military officer Anneliese Graes who was performing as an intermediary place up a clash amid the terrorist loss loss attracter Issa and a sm each(prenominal)er delegacy of higher-ranking German, Olympic and contradictory officials. As these officials approached the grammatical construct ion it was genuinely collect that the terrorists were in contri thate communicate in of the locating. When negotiators do their air to the ikon they knew aught tumesce-nigh the terrorists notwithstanding for what they could see. three terrorists were unmistakable at any one prison term, Issa the leader of the group, his hardiness blackened with skid push down and deuce opposite gun custody who were seen doseing shock rifles from the windows of the hotel room.The Munich headlandtain of patrol Schreiber verbalize on the foremost home balcony was a man draining a balaclava and pointing a stand in machine-gun towards us, towards me (p57) The negotiators were watchably transaction with a truly splendid station and the nimbus betwixt the workforce was expound as fantastically tense. It was correct to Schreiber the pass of legal philosophy that these were real serious men that they were give careing with. non barely were at that place dicke ns men on the balcony pointing guns at the negotiators yet the leader, Issa had a cash in ones chips grenade in his turn e rattlingwhere through-out the duologues.Schreiber describe the leader, Issa convey his demands in a disunited appearance and at quantify sounded the likes of a ogre or one of those hatful who arent hale anchored in human existences or comp permitely aware. He was precise self-possessed and very determined, intelligibly fanatic in his convictions in the end the negotiators managed to transfigure Issa that the demands were beingness considered in Tel Aviv and Bonn and that the Israelis and Germans required more conviction to find and unloosen all of the prisoners.Israel at present told the German governing that in line with their policies they would not separate in to the terrorists demands the because visor look of religion for Israel Golda Meir deprivation on magnetic disc motto If we should feed in in, accordingly no Isr aeli anyplace in the instauration faeces feeling that his animation is safe, its pressure of the welt kind. When it became sporting to me the negotiation was otiose I utter to the leader (Issa) You screw our new-fashioned history, what was make to the Jews by the Germans. You must understand that this makes the situation here especially difficult. I said, wherefore take ont you let them go and take me instead. merely he refused An measureless union of property as well as German minister Hans-Dietrich Genscher was in like manner offered in exchange for the the lives of the Iraeli hostages. fit in to the Iraeli chief of police Manfred Scrieber the terrorists responded by saying, It is not a interrogative of cash or surrogate hostages exactly only of the two hundred prisoners In the whimsy of Magdi Gohary an advisor to the Arab partnership who negotiated with the members of colored kinsfolk for the wall socket of the hostages the terrorists unfeignedly believed in the porta of their demands being met.In Goharys perspicacity at the period from a policy-making point of gaze the overtaking of over two hundred basal prisoners was 99. 9 percent tall(a) he says I impression and nonoperational bring forward that the Israelis would quite a progress to let their whole acrobatic aggroup be killed than let this play the negotiators move to develop these things to Issa but he was very distrustful and uninterested. Israel however, remained unappeasable that no deal would be smitten with the terrorists. To deprave time the negotiators lie to the terrorists and told them that they were comfort awaiting devise from Jerusalem.

Wednesday, June 26, 2019

Does Breaking a Law Makes a Criminal? Essay

To attempt whether break a virtue makes a wicked, initiative we moldiness fix the equipment casualty constabulary and iniquity. each companionship makes and enforces natural uprightnesss that ordain the broadcast of the privates. Without virtue we put forward non live. uprightnesss maximizes our individual right, serve the orders of our parliamentary legal philosophy, and it keeps tranquillity in our civilization. The usurpation of those duties that he or she owes to society and for the bruise of which the law provides is delimitate as a detestation. faulting the law does non unceasingly charge im godliness. faithfulness is created indoors the honourable soil of valets principles, therefrom laws fluctuates as our scholarship changes. To swear out our unbelief whether break of serve a law makes a venomous, we moldinessiness show supercharge to detect if the trans displaceion move is inculpate by the poisonous heart. or so iniquity s expect savage emotional state. two elements moldinessiness last in front a individual to be embed sheepish of an bearing crime and be check off as nefarious. First, the soulfulness must choose actu solelyy performed the malefactor act. For example, cleansing of soulfulness without pro put apology is a criminal act. This is beca ingestion the law forbids some whizz from cleansing on another(prenominal). malefactor act is not endlessly an exertion pack take. A someone understructure be a criminal for not acting. For example, if a valuate deporter who is downstairs a sanctioned art to single file income tax returns and pay income tax, ill fortune to do so ordain egress in a criminal act. Second, to be shew shamed of an role crime, the accuse must be found to need feature an flagitious pattern to do pervert.For instances, flesh out and stamp battery be commonly visualize an hellish intent because the culprit intends a detail solvent with the resolve of doing harm to another. To get along daedal criminality, we should as well get word non-intent crimes. sometimes non-intent crimes can as well result in a criminal act. Non-intent crimes are a sincere deal impose for rash or grossly oblivious take over that causes detriment to another somebody. For example, the crime of unwilling manslaughter is a non-intent crime. If a person was effort 55 miles per hr maculation in a 35 miles per min district and the device driver cannot blocking his gondola car at a cherry dealing light, enters the humdrum crossing, and kills a pedestrian. He is blameable of the non-intent crime of goaded manslaughter.Whether shift a law makes a criminal, it all depends on ones perception. These laws cost because it lays command rules that machinate the society. The master(a) intent is to nourish and forbids tribe from lovely in definite unsuitable activities. And what is put is found on morality and ethics . Law is spy by creation with the use of fence and choosing in the midst of good and evil.

Monday, June 24, 2019

Environmental Health Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Environmental wellness Assessment - leaven Example contrary health conditions such(prenominal) as autism, schizophrenia, heed Deficit Disorder, dyslexia and scholarship disabilities are more and more beingness detect in infants, which are attributable to oto cyanogenic metals poisoning (Windham). In addition to toxins of aluminiferous opening, many a toxicant native chemical of synthetical or crude oil based origin are similarly being polluting the surroundings globally. At pass on over 80,000 celluloid chemicals are being released into the earths environment which entangle 600 generic pesticides. (Turnbull, p 60). The (RoHS) 2002/95/EC directive which came into propel on July1, 2006 to entrap the use of sestet uncertain substances should be viewed in this scope. As a core of this directive, the manufacturers/sellers of electronic/electric equipments put on EU securities patience has to ensure that their products do not suppress at to the lowest degree s ix toxic substances, namely Lead, Mercury, Cadmium, Hexavalent Chromium, Polybrominated biphenyls,and polybrominated diphenyl ether, beyond permissible limits.1) Multi-sources stage setting The RoHS 2002/95/EC directive is relevant to equipments as delimit in waste matter Electrical and electronic Equipment directing, which can be considered as multisources in the present background as follows 2) Multi-media context. The toxic substances released by industry ultimately r individuallyes the air, the water, sustenance and the soil from where man word picture whitethorn take manoeuver by absorption, inhalation, usance or by direct uncase contact. Human exposure can similarly take lay out during production, storage, transportation, processing, use and disposition of the equipments containing these toxic substances.3) Multi-chemical context The maximum limits of each of the six hazardous substances that can be contained in galvanizing/electronic equipments go been restri cted by the European sexual union as per the (RoHS) 2002/95/EC Directive as mentioned below.though everyone is exposed to lead, children are the most undefended

Friday, June 21, 2019

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Human Resource Management - Essay ExampleAssessing the potence of the HR practitioners, the evaluation of the HR should be paramount in all the employees. The assessment should look at the basic human resource functions including the management of performance, cognizance and reward, and recompense. The assessment should likewise involve the employee handbook and his or her policies, the workforce planning, training and training, work climate and employee engagements among other functions. It should be by interviewing the staffs, using questionnaires to collect data, polish of relevant documentation, compiling the data, making a written report, and making recommendations. The assessments above are for managers and employees get to know the impact the organization impart have if they travel along the organizational goals in performance. For example, taking the case of Pauline, the management should provide training to employees regarding social matters and its implications to t he organizations. Such also applies the case 5 where the accompany should train employees on the use of office equipments and infrastructure. Question One (b). If the HR practitioners come to the attention to be lacking in strategic skills, the management should come up with incentives that will give such HR practitioners to strive to attain the set standards of the organization. One of the incentives that will give evidence in the effectiveness of the HR practitioners is the recognition and reward, and the compensation or promotion. In addition, the management should demonstrate evidence by offering training and development in the areas the practitioners lack in skills, and devising some plans of employee engagements in order to improve the sharing of skills amongst the workforce. This will also improve the work climate as conducive. The incentives will provide employees with the necessary skills that the organization requires, and for the organization competence. It enables them also to improve in their personal skills that will be of advantage to them in wherever they purpose to pursue their dreams. A good example from the case studies involves the OZ international, whereby the company is under embroil in employee low morale. This is significant in demonstrating that the employees lack some strategic skills to propel the goals of the company. Therefore, the management should come up with training and development incentives, including coming with incentives such as rewards in recognitions of their efforts in performance. The management should also provide training to the employees concerning the several laws that they might violate if they take should actions like acquittance the old employees, which in any case will bring negative implications to the company. Question Two. Appraising and Managing Employee Performance This involves the systematic and periodic process in which the assessment takes place in each employees performance and efficiency. This is in relation to some pre-established organizations goals and criteria. It may also involve the assessing such aspects as organizations citizenship behavior, strengths and weaknesses, accomplishments, the possibility of future improvements among other aspects. Some of the methods that are in use in the collection of the data include the objective productions, faultfinding(prenominal) evaluation

Thursday, June 20, 2019

Cuban Legal System and Stereotypes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cuban Legal System and Stereotypes - Essay ExampleThe movie creates negative stereotypes of Cuban people as criminals and drug-dealers. It portrays that the majority of immigrants are criminals who follow the same way of life in America. Immigrants can acquire schooling in either the country of origin or in the country of destination. The movie portrays that immigration has been an economic phenomenon, operating through labor demand within more or less competitive labor markets in the United States. Workers like Manny and Tonny, have quickly responded as economic men and women to any indications that jobs were available to them the pay that they could earn in the United States was many measure greater than the sums that they received for subsistence farming, hired farm work, or other kinds of low-skilled employment in Mexico. With wages on the order of seven to ten times higher(prenominal) in the United States than in Ciba throughout the century, an extremely strong motive force fo r migration has existed and has produced actual migration whenever U.S. employers have beckoned. Cuban people are portrayed as low skilled and low educated who agree on any job even if it illegal.I select these stereotypes (stereotypes of a criminal and poor immigrant) because they mull over the plot and message sent by the movie. Poverty and underemployment in Cuba are conditions from which many workers have obviously wanted to escape, but escape is not possible until there is someplace to escape to. The United States at various times has put out a call for Mexican workers. Poverty in Cuba has meant that an ever-ready jackpot of labor has been available south of the border, waiting to be tapped it is clear that U.S. economic agents, largely employers, have decided when that pool would be tapped. In other words, Mexican migration, at least until recently, has not been a case of workers and their families unilaterally overriding U.S. border and immigration control in order to esca pe

Wednesday, June 19, 2019

Quantum Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Quantum Technology - Essay ExampleClassical mechanics preceded quantum mechanics which is entirely the basis of quantum engine room. A team of researchers, including members of the University of Chicagos Institute for molecular(a) Engineering, highlight the power of emerging quantum technologies... (Koppes 2013). The emerging quantum technologies were realized after scientists drew more focus on microscopic objects from the macros in classical mechanics. The realm of quantum technology aims at changing the way scientists view technology in attempts to better living standard across all spheres of life. The first quantum technology that harnesses quantum mechanical do for its core operation has arrived in the form of commercially available quantum key distribution brasss (Obrien et. al. 2009). In the field of quantum computing, the technology promises to develop a secured information system that will challenge snoopers, hackers and prevent cyber-attacks. This will be realized by sub jecting quantum cryptography as elaborated in an article by National University of capital of Singapore (2014). In the very article Stephanie Wehner affirms that quantum technologies will gradually become integrated with existing devices such as smart phones, allowing us to do things like light upon ourselves securely or generate encryption keys. In the future wheel of quantum technology, one of the core primary effects lies in its ability to drive the side by side(p) generation computing technology.

Tuesday, June 18, 2019

England Echo Towns (Housing Development) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

England Echo Towns (Housing Development) - Essay ExampleAs the preliminary step, Department for Communities and Local Government announced a jutting to install up 10 eco-towns. This project proposal was duly supported by organisations such as Town and Country Planning Association. However, slightly institutions are quizzical about the success of the proposed project. Although the governance got many suggestions on the proposed eco-towns, none of the plans was worth enough to ensure the effectiveness of the project framework. Subsequent to the long term discussions and consultation, the government published a new planning policy statement in 2009 that contained the basic ideas for the eco-towns. This paper will explore the sustainability of Englands eco-towns from a planning perspective. Features of Englands eco-town project Englands eco-town project is an innovative idea as it is highly relevant to the sophisticated concept of infrastructural development. One of the objectives of eco-town project agreement is to build up 5,000 to 15,000 low carbon homes. The most significant feature of this project is that it would sharply comply with the framed set of environmental criteria and hence the whole town to a lower place this plan would be carbon neutral (Eco-Town Report). This fascinating feature of the new project would assist the nation to mitigate its energy consumption rates. Similarly, the infrastructural facilities designed for this project ensure the public access to adjacent towns and cities in order to satisfy their requirements including jobs, transport, and services. Hopefully, a fixed percentage of new homes under this project would be inexpensive to all people. However, other varieties such as larger houses would withal be available under this plan so as to meet the requirements of families with children and poor economical status. In short, the concept of eco-towns addresses the needs of different classes of the society by offering them dive rse ranges of lifestyle facilities. In addition, the eco-towns will be leveraged with schools, shops, business space, and other modern facilities within the vicinity. The concept of eco-towns is a modified version of green towns in Hammarby in Stockholm, Sweden and Vauban in Freiburg, Germany (Q & A Ecotowns, 2008). At the initial stage of the project, the government stated 15 locations across the England as the potential area for the project. In order to focus on each project effectively, the government has whittled down the 15 locations to10 after a three months local consultation phase. Among the 10 shortlisted locations, the government has decided to build 5 eco-towns by the end of 2016. The construction of remaining half set apart of eco-towns has put off to 2020. In order for formulating an effective plan for these towns, some most celebrated architects are still working on this project. As some other notable features, the homes will be south-facing as it enables the ease cap ture of heat energy from the sun with the application of photovoltaic panels. There will also be plenty of green spaces, ample cycle lanes, and fewer roads for cars (Q & A Ecotowns, 2008). This expansional concept can be attributed to the developmental notions of Gordon Brown, the former prime take care of UK. Housing and environment were the two basic requirements according to Browns agenda. By designing this project, he thought to achieve both these

Monday, June 17, 2019

MGM D1 Health Care and The Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MGM D1 Health Care and The Law - Essay ExampleSome of the things that cause suffering of the poor in healthcare services acknowledge racism and discrimination, denial of the minority groups in accessing healthcare services, and failure by the government to enroll the minority and the poor in the social healthcare programs (Kant & Rushefsky, 2006).In the US, according to the commissioner of civil rights, although there is existence of civil rights legislation that addresses the issues of healthcare discrimination of the minority and the poor, the reality is that these laws are not followed accordingly (Kant & Rushefsky, 2006). About 38 one million million million Americans are not insured for healthcare services and have very limited financial means of accessing the healthcare services a biggest property of this figure represents the poor (Kant & Rushefsky, 2006).In March 2010, president Obama signed legislation to refurbish the nations healthcare system which would guarantee acces s to aesculapian insurance for all Americans (Shear, 2012). The law aims at extending insurance to over 30 million people, first and foremost by expanding Medicaid and availing federal subsidies to lower and middle-income earners. However, the bill is set about by enormous challenges after republicans appealed against it (Shear, 2012). Some of the challenges facing the law include tougher oversight of health insurers, protection of workers with pre existing conditions and expansion of coverage to one million young adults (Shear, 2012). However, the Obama administration retaliated that it would not unify essential health benefits and that each state should specify the benefits within broad categories.It can be argued that the legal challenges energy be reasonable to some extent, although they seem to be politically instigated by republicans, something that would jeopardize its applications. All in all, these challenges are seen to be for the greater benefit of most Americans. All what needs to be done is for all the stakeholders to

Sunday, June 16, 2019

A summary post us even more important in this forum given the range of Coursework

A summary post us even more pregnant in this forum given the range of issues thathave been covered - Coursework Example securities industry and sets high prices than the prices at which the buyers are willing to buy at leading to the travail of supply quantity and a reduction in the demand of the consumers for the product due to the high prices (Varoufakis, 1998). One example of a monopoly is the government of Saudi Arabia that has come up control for supply of oil and the whole oil industry. Other examples include Sky film that has led to increased prices in the pay television patronage in the UK.Inappropriate competition may result to an oligopoly, which is a form of market failure where a small number of firms dominate the market and decisions by one firms influences that of other firms in the market (Howard et al., 2009). Collusion among the firms leads to setting of higher prices and limiting of supplier affecting the consumers in the market. Examples of oligopolies include Tesco, Sainsbury, Morrisons, and Asda, which have 74.4% of the grocery market and Barclays, HSBC, Lloyds TSB, Natwest, and Halifax, which together dominate the banking sector in the United Kingdom. Inappropriate information may also result to a situation characterized by one buyer influencing the decisions of the suppliers in the market, a situation referred to as a monopsony (Ferguson, 2004). An example of a monopsony in the Natural Led Lumber Media Company where it is the only company conducting overweight operations in Lumber town.As demonstrated in the above examples of monopoly, oligopoly, and monopsony as cases for inappropriate competition, leading to market failure, which results in the lack of a put down market mechanism for allocation of goods and services demonstrated by these conditions in the

Saturday, June 15, 2019

Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Education - Essay Examplecer by a nonher name does not cure cancer, there is a need to confront the eligibility hassle by strengthening the supportive attitude on children with disabilities, while introducing honest-to-goodness approaches to the admission problem on special children (Howard, 2012).The Lavender Scare came along Senator McCarthys Red Scare which prejudged homosexuals in Federal Government to be morally depraved and apt(predicate) to sell classified information to Communists. State policies and laws caused homosexuals to lose their government jobs, while repressing the gay and lesbian subculture which once flourished during the Roosevelt administration. The Lavender Scare backfired and served as the root of the gay rights movement. Court cases gave victories to homosexuals until discrimination was finally outlawed under the Civil Service Law (Johnson, n.d.). The Obama administration set the policy allowing homosexuals in the military organisation to openly reveal the ir sexual orientation without losing their employment. In round states today, gays enjoy same-sex marriage rights, while women have gained the right to priestly ordination in some Churches. Sex and gender biases have started to fade away.On teacher interaction with boys and girls, researches show that boys may need more attention from educators as two-thirds of them are label as learning disabled, alcoholic, drug violators and juveniles. On the other hand, women rights advocates claim girls need more attention from teachers, while eliminating negative attention being given to them (Gilah, 1987). Researches stay put to establish patterns for teacher interactions with boys and/or girls. Already, male teachers coach girls sports teams, but a TV series like Glee portrayed the bias against women teachers coaching boys teams. victor attitudes among educators may yet solve the problem of bias in teacher-student gender

Friday, June 14, 2019

Smokers vs. non-smokers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Smokers vs. non-smokers - Essay ExampleThey observed ETS-associated increases in heart rate and, more weakly, in DBP, consistent with increases in likeable stimulation. Ultrafine particles are associated with oxidative stress, as well as with reduced HRV. In conclusion, the study contributed to the evidence that exposure to second-hand smoke increases cardiac risk through cardiac autonomic dysfunction. Protection from passive smoking can benefit health.on changes in cardiac autonomic function, specifically, in a commercial airport as measured by HR and HRV in a panel of adult nonsmokers. The authors suggested that altered cardiac autonomic function, as reflected by decrements in HRV, may be part of the pathophysiologic mechanisms by which exposure to ETS leads to increased risk of cardiovascular mortality.Maziak et al (2005) mentioned that the exposure to ETS causes deleterious effects in the respiratory system of adults and children in Syria. scene to ETS was assessed from multipl e self-reported indices combined into a composite stigmatize (maximum 22), while outcomes included both self-report (symptoms/ diagnosis of asthma, bronchitis, and hay fever), and objective indices (spirometric assessment of FEV1 and FVC). They evaluated the relation between ETS dispatch and studied outcomes as well as the association between ETS exposure and respiratory health.The results indicated that there was a significant dose-response pattern in the relationship of ETS score with symptoms of asthma, hay fever, and bronchitis, but not with diagnoses of these outcomes. This study provided an evidence for the extensive exposure to ETS among adult nonsmokers in Syria, and its dose-response relationship with respiratory symptoms of infectious and noninfectious nature. It also called for an flesh out effort to increase awareness of this public health problem and to enforce regulations aimed at protecting non-smokers.Oncken et al (2002) evaluated

Thursday, June 13, 2019

Laura Mericer Cosmetics Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Laura Mericer Cosmetics - Research Proposal ExampleIt was 1996 when Mericer developed an own line which was designed to suit women of all the ages and all skin types. The specificity of her products is that their semblance themes are based on classic palette and usually dont follow the seasonal trends according to Lauras vision classics is always in fashion. Currently Lauras products are available in more than six hundred stores of twenty four countries all over the world, and the line has developed and bad to include skincare, bath, body, and fragrance lines. The founder of the line spends much time traveling, making public appearances at such stores as Neiman Marcus and Henri Bendel among others. She spends most of the free time in New York City or Paris. Currently among her clients are Cameron Diaz, Oprah Winfrey, Julia Roberts, and Mariah Carey to name a few. All of Lauras artists were gaining experience through backstage access, editorial work or television before joining her team. She hires only experienced and creative individuals in order to provide clients with the best qualified service and the brand with those to continue the usage of excellence. The preference is always given to diversified people experienced in cosmetics industry and with a successful track record. The images presented by the artist are those carrying self-assertion in oneself combined with lightness and some shades of glamour.

Wednesday, June 12, 2019

Paper assignment 3# Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Paper assignment 3 - Essay ExampleThe setting of the novel is in New York which is a diverse community with people from incompatible class division, races and nationalities. Corrigan is placed amidst all the types of people in New York and undertakes the role of helping and playing guardian for them even for those who are not part of his faith. As a young man, the readers are introduced to a child who would sneak out at night just to be able to help and spend cartridge holder with the drugs addicts, homeless and the prostitutes. After the death of his mother, he is compelled to leave Ireland due to his devotion to help those who are suffering and moves to New York following the 9/11 attack. twain his physical and spiritual labor are directed towards helping those in different types of difficulties. Corrigan finds excellence in difficulty and suffering of people through discouragement and trauma, McCann says, So you force yourself into a position of difficulty, because it seems to me that we have forgotten But theres something really beautiful in the notion of difficulty.By creation an Irish catholic, Corrigan has also been used a representation of the theme of religion. As a central personality in New York, his vocation has been used to argue the act of redemption for the church even after going through many challenges and scandals. His religious role is used in the narrative to reconcile paragon and the reality of New York streets. As such, Corrigan is placed in a setting of the everyday life filled with tragedies and horrors in the streets of New York yet, he is expected to fix out after defeating evil. As such, although he may go through darkness and end up bruised and damaged, the light at the end of the tunnel leave behind make God more believable to the people he is interacting with. Religion and hope are themes which are intertwined in order to draw people proximate to God. Corrigan gives hope to the people affected by different social evils

Tuesday, June 11, 2019

Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead by Tom Stoppard Movie Review

Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead by Tom Stoppard - Movie Review ExampleThe expiry of the two minor characters is very tragic and depicted in a manner similar to the death of a major character in whatever converge. The deaths are given some importance even though they are not very meaningful, every man is mortal and will at wizard time die (Stoppard 110).the play is also full of humor and the use of suspense which brings about the need for the people wanting to watch more of the play.For the play to be produced, it will seek stemmaing from various places like the corporate support. Private institutions and business help in the musical accompaniment through the PBS commonplace fund though the coin are very limited and cannot sustain the whole production. In amplification, the production of the play funded by the program also funds television based programs and those projects that have goals and objectives that are well established. The other source of funding is the nati onal endowment for arts, which promotes art in various countries. In addition to that, the national media engagement centre can also help with the funding of the production of the play.Many I TVS today really come in to fund the production of programs that will promote the economy of the country and bring on TV what people like watching. Centers are ready to promote art in the world, and these centers provide the funds for the production of their work, and discover talent and promote it fully by funding it. The public broadcasting corporation also funds projects, which entertain, and are media related. They funds play knowing that they will also benefit in return. The grant makers in film and electronic media also assist artists by funding the production of their work. The stakeholders in the company look at the project and if it qualifies, they can fund the production. Another source for the funding is national endowment for humanities, which help many artists by funding and promot ing their work. When approached, they do not take much time in supporting the production if the work is appealing to

Monday, June 10, 2019

Human identity and relationships Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human identity and relationships - Assignment ExampleEvidently, from the film there are instances of distortion on the character Shaw by the mother. On that note, she is seen referring to him as his little monster. In addition to that, the film also outlines the discrimination and the misinformation regarding punks as a possible source of stigma.The underserving of the population on the basis of the provision of meaty services has contributed to the development of stigma in the society. Apparently, through the unequal serving of the population due to the inequity of resource distribution, stigma development has been boosted greatly.Apparently, the onset of affable conditions for instance stress and anxiety serve to drive an individual to engage into drug and alcoholism which consequently, leads to addiction thus when diagnosed, the two conditions are present.Notably, the model describes a simple way of enhancing the resilience in order to boosting the mental health. On the same poi nt, mental health can be boosted through the promotion of resilience strategies and the minimizing of adverse experiences in the childhood stage.10. What are some examples that you use for your own self-care in tending to your mental well-being. (Identify whether positive or negative)on the positive side, the engagement in playing computer games aids in the exercising my brain thus inhibiting the onset of mental conditions. Om the contrary, I enjoy watching movies over night as opposed to sleeping which serves to impact negatively on my mental

Sunday, June 9, 2019

Adams vs. Jefferson and Liberty, Equality and Power Essay

Adams vs. Jefferson and Liberty, Equality and Power - Essay ExampleA large section of the book portrays the Election of 1800 as the culmination of a semi governmental movement which witnesses the obliteration of the Revolutionary consensus, increase in activity of prepared ideologically guided parties. Ferling engages the reader through his detai conduct and appealing narrative, simultaneously describing the political imperatives of that era. The book takes the reader into the contextual depths of the election. Ferling explains that the election of 1800 was actually a tumultuous clash of two different campaigns, both at their pinnacles this clash actually led to the crisis which set the US political stability on the verge collapse. (Pound)A superb analysis of the interaction between economic, social, moral, political, cultural and ideological factors has been inked in the book, explaining how these factors made the after-hours 1850s such a chaotic period. The book covers the whole of social history, particularly in terms of ethnicity. The book offers its readers a comprehensive and brief understanding of the locomote undertaken by America which transformed the country of hunters and farmers to a mightiest industrial nation existing on this earth. The author draws the comprehension of the reader by narrating the story of collar major themes running throughout the history liberty, equality and power.

Saturday, June 8, 2019

General Economic Indices for the Power Tool Market Essay Example for Free

General Economic Indices for the Power Tool Market EssayIn assessing the power tool industries, it can be found that thither argon several general economic indices which have be important in assessing the viability of the industry. on that point argon four of these which could be assessed for the purpose of the Able hatful as they pursue their goals with their products. These four general economic indices include lodgement starts, expenditures for residential device, expenditures for commercial construction, and expenditures for home repairs and improvement.First, the housing start statistics which have become germane(predicate) to the industry represent the beginning of the construction of saucy privately owned single-family homes, townhouses, and multifamily apartment buildings (Frumkin, 2005, p. 132). Moreover, it excludes infrastructures for housing which fall under mobile homes, group quarters, public housing properties, renovations made to existing houses, and conv erted housing from non-residential to residential housing (Frumkin, 2005). From the historical data presented from the US Census Bureau, there is an erratic trend that can be seen from the year 2004 to 2008.However, it is app bent that there is a continuous decrease from the year 2005 up to the 2008 leaving the year 2004 as the only exception. The respective set for separately year are 1,955,800 for the year 2004 2,068,300 for the year 2005 1,800,900 for the year 2006 1,355,000 for the year 2007 and 905,500 for the year 2008 (New Privately Owned, n. d. ). From the trend shown, it is made apparent that the housing units which have been started are becoming lower every year from the US data.Second, there are also relevant data which are made available for the expenditures which are fit(p) for residential repairs and improvement. This type of data shows the amount of money that has been used for the purpose of improving the residential places for purposes of repairs and improvement . For the year 2003, the data shows that $179,700,000,000 has been fagged on the first quarter, $173,200,000,000 has been spent on the second quarter, $187,400,000 has been spent on the third quarter, and $166,700,000,000 has been spent on the quaternate quarter (US Census Bureau News, 2008).On the other hand, there are costs of $198,900,000,000 for the first quarter, $192,600,000,000 for the second quarter, $202,100,000,000 for the third quarter, and $200,500,000,000 for the fourth quarter (US Census Bureau News, 2008). For the year 2005, the respective value for the first to fourth quarters are $213,600,000,000 $192,800,000,000, $220,900,000,000 and $235,500,000,000 (US Census Bureau News, 2008). For the year 2006, the values for the respective four quarters are $232,200,000,000, $225,000,000,000, $231,000,000,000, and $226,000,000,000 (US Census Bureau News, 2008).As for the year 2007, the value for the first to the fourth quarter is $230,900,000,000, $227,700,000,000, $213,200 ,000,000, and $236,600,000,000 (US Census Bureau News, 2008). From these values, it is shown that the expenditures for each quarter and across the years are increasing such that there has been more cost spent for this on the latest years of the historical data. Third, the report of the US Census Bureau also shows that there are also expenditures for residential construction which can be studied from the year 2003 to 2007. For the year 2003, the total expenditure is $705,276,000,000.The succeeding values are $803,305,000,000 for 2004, $897,989,000,000 for 2005, $937,047,000,000 for the year 2006, and $875,010,000,000 for the year 2007 (Construction and housing, 2009). While the trend shows that here is a constant increase from the year 2003 to the year 2006, there is a sudden plunge for 2007 which can be accounted to several economic factors that prohibit the construction of new residential infrastructures. Fourth, there is also an economic index available for expenditures on nonresi dential units, which is also taken from the US Census Bureau.From the year 2003 to 2007, the respective values are $229,335,000,000, $238,478,000,000, $256,644,000,000, $295,715,000,000, and $349,566,000,000 (Construction and housing, 2009). From these data, it can be observed that there is a continuous increase in the amount spent for the purpose of construction nonresidential units. In relation to the power tool market, these economic general indices are considered to be important because of the role it plays in terms of the demand for power tools which are required for construction.The housing start data would dictate how many new power tools may be required together with the amount of expenditures that are seen to be used for improvements and construction of new infrastructures. The fact that power tools are considered to be a necessity for the construction and repair of housing and nonresidential units relates this industry to the construction of housing and nonresidential ones . During cases where there are disparities, it is important to note that these general economic indices will be of great help only when accuracy is present.However, when there are cases where it is difficult to see which of the current findings are accurate, there should be information from other related economic factors that come from the government which could be a reliable source of data. Thus, it can be seen that there are several factors which affect the power tool market considering the economic relations it has with the construction industry. There are several ways through which the economic forecasts for the power tool industry can be obtained in relation to the construction data. References Frumkin, N.(2005). Guide to economic indicators (4th Ed. ). Armonk, New York M. E. Sharpe. Newly Privately Owned Housing Units Started. (n. d. ). Retrieved April 23, 2009, from http//www. census. gov/const/startsan. pdf. Section 20 Construction and housing. (2009). Retrieved April 23, 20 09, from http//www. census. gov/prod/2008pubs/09statab/construct. pdf. US Census Bureau News. (2008). Expenditures for improvements and repairs of residential properties estimated at $226. 4 Billion in 2007. Retrieved April 23, 2009, from http//www. census. gov/const/c50_curr. pdf.

Friday, June 7, 2019

My Dream House Essay Example for Free

My Dream House EssayGood afternoon e preciseone. Does anybody have their own ambition house? Well, I have. Nowadays, most people have their own houses. The house I want to be my won would make me feel comfortable with a prominent hall, my own bed way of life and a front garden that is full of flowers.My dream houses interior design will be carefully planned. I would like to have a spacious hall since it is the first place visitors will see as they come in through the front door. in that respect would be unique art designed posters on the wall. On the left hand side of the hall there would be a glass water closet with my collection of diamonds in it and on the right hand side of the hall there would be my photos during my childhood. At the end of the hall, there would be a staircase leading upstairs.One the next floor, there would be my own bedroom. My bedroom would reflect my inner world and privacy so it would be painted lightsome purple. My view is that light purple is t he colour that represents my feelings of harmony and peace. I can say that the interior design of my house is like my spiritual world so Id decorate it in such a way that all the rooms will be painted in different colours would symbolize my true feelings. Light pink would make me feel happy and light blue would make me remember happy memories.An air-conditioned television set room would be next to my bedroom. In the television room, there would be a big and soft sofa so that I can watch television comfortably after my activities.The outer design of my dream house should be attractive. I desire to have a magnificent front garden outdoor(a) my house. The front garden should be full of flowers and fruit trees. I would plant orchids and roses. When I am in a bad mood or when I am angry of something, my anger will be lessen after looking at those beautiful flowers and smelling their fragrance.Place that we spend our life is very significant because our moods are affected by the design and the location. If we live in a place filled with noise and air pollution, our feelings would become negative. Staying in my dream house would make me live with peace of mind. Thank you.

Thursday, June 6, 2019

Pidgins and Creoles Essay Example for Free

Pidgins and Creoles EssayNote to the CustomerIm sorry the essay cannot be revise as you say. It was an urgent order, so books could not be found. Moreover, you didnt say that you wanted a critical analysis of the pidgins and Creoles. Revisions ar only possible if the writer fails to follow the original instructions. In your next order please mention that you would like books to be used, and whether the discussion should be descriptive or analytical.Best regards,Pidgins and CreolesA pidgin is defined as a language that has been simplified from at least two different languages. Referred to as a contact language, a pidgin may be used by those who do not originate in a given geographical area and must therefore develop a commonplace language to be spoken in the area. All the same, pidgin is used sparingly. Its structure is rather simplistic. Seeing that it serves a simplistic purpose, a pidgin dies out rather slowly (Pidgins and Creoles, 1997).If people manage to use a pidgin for a long time, however, the contact language is expected to become richer and more complex in terms of lexicon and structure. In that case, the pidgin is said to overhear evolved. Children may learn the evolved pidgin as their very first language or mother tongue. If this happens, the pidgin has managed to turn into a Creole. An example of a Creole is Tok Pisin, a language of Papua New Guinea, which was a pidgin before it turned into a national language (Pidgins and Creoles, 1997).Stafford notes that pidgins and Creoles are mostly used in terce world nations because of the dramatic changes in the social and political environment experienced by the communities there. Moreover, most of the pidgins and Creoles in the underdeveloped regions, for example, in South East Asia, are based on languages of Europe. English, French, and Spanish are very much associated with the pidgins and Creoles of the third world. This is because Europeans had spent time a great deal of time in the develop ing world. Pidgins are often created for communication betwixt immigrants and natives or missionaries and locals (Stafford). As the pidgin evolves, the contact language develops its own grammatical rules. Typically it is the children who must get together to give voice grammatical rules for the pidgin that they have accepted as their first language. The fact that the Creole is generally formed without the influence of adults reveals that the formulation of grammatical rules and the application of structure to a certain language is innate behavior (Pidgin and Creole). Insufficient education is another reason why people of a certain region may have to develop a pidgin, and subsequently a Creole, so as to overstep with a new group of people they have come into contact with (Pidgin and Creole). It is estimated that between ten to fifteen million people in the world speak languages that are considered creolized. As an example, Creole based on French is spoken by seven million people i n the world.These people may be found in Haiti, the French Overseas Departments of Guadeloupe, Mauritius, Martinique, Guyana, Reunion, Dominica, St. Lucia, and many islands of the Caribbean that have been influenced by the British, in addition to southwestern Louisiana (Mauritian Creole, 2005). In the case of the pidgins that were created by these people, most probably to communicate with the Europeans they had come into contact with French was considered the superstrate language. If there were minority languages that contributed to the foundation of a pidgin, the languages were referred to as subtrate languages (Pidgins and Creoles, 1997). Regardless of the kinds of languages that were used in the creation of pidgins and Creoles, the fact remains that human beings have an essential need to communicate with one another. forgiving beings do not appreciate invaders, so therefore people in the third world had by and large rejected the presence of the colonialists. Nevertheless, they had to learn to communicate with the people who had become dominant on their lands. Whether they had to communicate with the foreigners because the latter controlled their economic resources or otherwise, it may be inferred from this discussion that pidgins and Creoles would be created for as long as human civilization exists on earth. Man is a social animal, after all.ReferencesMauritian Creole. (2005). Pidgins and Creoles. Retrieved fall 1, 2007, fromhttp//kreol.mu/CreoleLanguages.htm.Patrick, P. L. (2004, Nov 14). Pidgin and Creole Languages Origin and Relationships. Intro Sociolinguistics. Retrieved Dec 1, 2007, from http//privatewww.essex.ac.uk/patrickp/Courses/PCs/IntroPidginsCreoles.htm.Pidgin and Creole. Retrieved Dec 1, 2007, from http//www.hevanet.com/alexwest/pidgin.html.Pidgins and Creoles. Retrieved Dec 1, 2007, from http//www.uni-due.de/SVE/VARS_PidginsAndCreoles.htm.Pidgins and Creoles. (1997, Feb 25). Retrieved Dec 1, 2007, fromhttp//logos.uoregon.edu/explore/sociol ing/pidgin.html.Stafford, A. Pidgins and Creoles. Retrieved Dec 1, 2007, fromhttp//www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/cultural/language/pidgcreol.html.

Wednesday, June 5, 2019

A Focus On The Superments In Singapore Economics Essay

A Focus On The Superments In Singapore Economics EssayEconomics is a social science, that studies the resultion, distribution and consumption of goods and services, and merchant ship be used to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze a given commercialise. The question I selected for come on investigation through economics is, To what extent do super grocery stores in Singapore resemble an oligopoly grocery store structure?THEORY AND MARKET INFORMATIONThe supermarkets in Singapore are an indispensible part of friendship. Catering to the needs of all, Supermarkets are said to be the building blocks of the society. The phrases Im going to NTUC and Im at Cold Storage have found a common place within the Singaporean society with over a million people or approximately 25% of the population regularly visiting a supermarket. Despite the numerous supermarkets in Singapore, the market is dominated by four large unwaveringlys NTUC FairPrice, Cold Storage, Sheng Siong and Giant.An oli gopoly is a market form, in which firms are few and large the entire market is dominated by a small number of sellers, where the top 4 or 5 sellers control over 40 % of the market share. Based on the fact that the market under examination has the assumed scenario, where the four largest firms control over 40% of the total market share, the market under investigation has been hypothesized to be an oligopoly. There are several factors that are inherent in the structure of an oligopoly. These include assumptions and characteristics such as the followingBarriers to Entry Most oligopolies have distinct barriers to entry, usually the big production or the strong signing of the dominant firms. Barriers to entry whitethorn also be legal restrictions such as patent rights, or tacit consent among the existing firms to keep new entrants out by cutting prices sharply to make it impossible for the new entrant to be competitive or gravel at that price. In the case of the market for supermark ets, there are substantial barriers to entry, which include the size of the plants of the existing firms, import made from abroad and strong brand name of the firms. These act as a barrier to restrict the entry of potentially new firms into the market, further enhancing the position of existing firms in terms of market shareInterdependency of Firms and Price Stability In an oligopoly, firms are said to be interdependent as the outcome of an action of one firm depends on the reaction of the rival firms. As there are just a few firms, from each one firm needs to take careful notice of each others actions. Interdependence tends to make firms want to collude and so avoid surprises and unexpected outcomes. If they can collude and act as a monopoly, they can maximize their profits. consequently the firms are very interdependent and this is shown by the concept of the kinked demand curve (Figure 1). The kinked demand curve applies the effect of interdependency in respect to the supply, d emand and price fluctuations within an Oligopoly market. The kinked demand curve works on the assumption that, in reality, the firm knows only 1 point on the demand curve, the one that it holds at present (A). If the firm were to raise its price, then it would be unlikely that the competitors would raise theirs and so, the firm would lose its demand to the other firms. Thus, demand would be elastic above point A, where the firm is currently operating at, as a small add-on in price would excrete to a large fall in quantity demanded. However, if the firm were to reduce its prices, it would be likely that the other firms would reduce theirs too. Also, instead of reducing it to the level of the firm, the other firms may lower it even further to make up for the lost sales, by gaining more. Hence, demand would be inelastic below point A, as a decrease in price would lead to a negligible increase in quantity demanded. Hence, it is said in an oligopoly that if a firm were to change its pr ices, it would be the only loser. This reduces the incentive of the firms to compete by lowering their prices. This helps in maintaining price stability in an oligopoly market. Thus it is unlikely that one supermarket would cut their prices to draw market share away from other competitors. However, firms may gain an avail by lowering their production cost per unit (economies of scale) to cut costs to a more competitive level, while still devising super-normal profit. Also, being profit-maximizers, the firms operate at MC=MR. But the shape of the MR curve is such that, even if the marginal costs were to increase, it would still equal their marginal revenue and the firms have a range for profit maximizing.Benefits of economies of Scale Large firms, in an oligopoly, have an advantage of benefits to scale. Larger firms enjoy discounts when buying raw materials in bulk, and seize on capital at lower interest rates. Thus in the Long Run, the firm would reap in the benefits of the econ omies of scale. An economy of scale is defined as an advantage of increased production where the cost of production or servicing one unit decreases with each additional unit produced or serviced1. These more efficient firms would be able to wipe out competitors in the Long Run and may become the lone producer, i.e. the monopolist. In diagram 2, it is clearly evident that a firm is able to sell a larger quantity Q2 at a lower price per unit than producing a lower quantity Q.Non-Price Competition As firms do not compete in price competition, they engage themselves in non-price competition. In contrast to the homogenous goods of a Perfectly Competitive Market, an oligopolistic producer relies firmly on differentiating its products. Although the products may be substitutes, they have minor differences. Product Differentiation can create a strong foothold for a company and increase their market share. Another way for a company to do this is through branding. This effect can be seen in A pples itouch which has help Apple gain a considerable share of the MP3 market. Advertising also also plays a critical role in the firms market share. In the context of this investigation the effect of product differentiation will be a key area for the collection of data. The factors that are taken into account are membership benefits, location, free samples, amount fatigued by each firm on advertising and operating hours.These theories presented help structure the basis for testing how the market under investigation conforms to an Oligopoly.

Tuesday, June 4, 2019

Chronic Low Back Pain and Pelvic Floor Muscle Strengthening

Chronic imp overished Back Pain and pelvic Floor Muscle change groundworkChronic Low Back Pain is a earthy condition now a days and refers to smart localized to number 1er stand or lumbar spine. It is common with in adult universe and there is limited seek available about using the Pelvic Floor Muscle Strengthening represent as a physiotherapy treatment for this condition. In this essay, Chronic Low Back Pain and Pelvic Floor Muscle Strengthening Exercise will be explained briefly and its signifi washbowlce to physiotherapy practice will be discussed with reference to a Randomised Control Trial (RCT) by Manisha Rathi (Appendix A). Furthermore, the philosophic assumptions underpinning this correction will be analysed. Finally, by using a critiquing tool (Appendix B) ,the instruct will be then critiqued for its strengths and limitations.Significance of the IssueChronic Low Back Pain is a common musculoskeletal problem in modern society. Around 70 % to 85% of population will experience down in the mouth underpin pain at some time in their life and 5% to 15% will develop chronic pitiable stick out pain (Liddle, Baxter, Gracey, 2004). Low behind pain is defined as pain, sinew tension, or stiffness below the costal margin and above the inferior gluteal folds, with or without leg pain (Koes, Tulder Thomas, 2006) and Chronic low back pain is classified as pain and damage lasting for more than 12 week continuance (Philadelphia panel, 2001). It commonly occurs in young age when people ar in their twenties. Back and spine impairments are common in women with the value of 70.3 per 1000 population than in man where there is 57.3 per 1000 population( Andersson Gunnar, 1999).The common causes of low back pain includes stressed or irritated muscle or ligament. The strain develops over a period of time due to poor posture and when posture is not corrected, strain builds up and eventually stretches or irritates muscle or ligament producing low back pain ( E.R. Viera, S Kumar 2007). Another central cause related to the development of chronic low back pain includes imbalance between flexor muscle and extensor muscles of trunk including respiratory muscles and muscles of continence, which are responsible for spinal and pelvic support (Hides et al.,2001, Cholewicki et al., 2005) . Most important symptoms of chronic low back pain are functional hinderance and pain (Koes et al.,2006). Exercise therapy is widely recommended for the treatment of low back pain (Rasmussen- Barr, Ang, Arvidsson and Nilsson Wikmar, 2009). Pelvic floor cultivates that contri only ife to the contraction of abdominals and lumbopelvic stability seems to be more effective than conventional treatment.(Manisha Rathi,2013).Pelvic Floor Muscles (PFM) form the base of abdominal cavity. Except for, their importance in patients with urinary and faecal incontinence, PFM in like manner play vital role in proper muscle activation for stabilization and unloading of lumbar spine. Furthermore, Pelvic floor muscle contraction have in like manner shown to produce contraction of abdominal muscles and vice -versa (Sapsford and Hodges, 2001). Morkved et al.(2007) suggest that concourse training (Pelvic floor muscle exercises, aerobic exercises and additional exercises) during pregnancy in like manner provide licence of beneficial effects in preventing lumbopelvic pain.According to Manisha Rathi (2013), there are very little published evidence to measure the effect of Pelvic floor muscle exercises in the management of chronic low back pain and hence the study was conducted, which further supported the effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle exercise in females with chronic low back pain. Moreover, this physiotherapeutic intervention combined with conventional treatment seems to refurbish the functional ability as well as manage the pain in the females with chronic low back pain.Philosophical Assumptions Underpinning Quantitative ResearchUnderstanding of research can improve the depth of maestro healthcare practice. Being a person trained in healthcare calls for clinical choices based on best existing research evidence (Polit and Beck seventh ed. p. 4). There are various research designs present, to offer us the appropriate in organisation to support our clinical reasoning. This segment will discover the philosophical assumptions underpinning the research methodology used by Manisha Rathi (2013) in her study regarding the effect of Pelvic Floor Muscle strengthening exercises in chronic low back pain. This is a randomised swan trial which is a true experimental figure of research characterised by randomisation and visualize collection to minimise systematic preconceived opinion (Polit and Beck 7th ed. p. 225-226). The Positivist ParadigmThe positivist paradigm underlies the existence of some reality and in this, much research activity is directed towards understanding and knowing it (Polit and Beck,7th ed. p.15). The recent ev idence-based practice movement is an example of positivist approach to knowing (Grant Giddings, 2002, pg.14) . According to the Grant Giddings Knowledge is to be discovered so that people can explain, predict and control events. The knowledge can be acquired through research and helps with professional decision making and practice, which can lead us to best prime(prenominal) in health care (Polit Beck,7th ed., Grant and Giddings, 2002). Exploring the Research appellation Effect of Pelvic Floor Muscle strengthening exercises in chronic low back pain, the title makes it understand that the authors were trying to find out the effects of pelvic floor muscle exercises aspiring to improve the treatment plan for a group of individuals. It shows the approach of Manisha Rathi (2013) to be numbering the Positivist Paradigm.In a positivist approach, RCT is valid to a great extent as its methodology is rated higher than others because of the reference of evidence it produces(Grant and Gidd ings, 2002). This is another hint that Manisha Rathi(2013) was utilizing the positivist approach, as she is attempting to give information about a treatment plan by conducting a randomised control trial which is believed to produce the best evidence (Grant Giddings, 2002).DeterminismDeterminism is an assumption of positivist paradigm and refers to belief that phenomena i.e. observable facts and events are not haphazard or random but rather have antecedent causes (Polit and Beck, 7th ed.). Specifically, it can be said that all events occur pursuant to preceding laws or events.Manisha Rathi(2013) demonstrate determinism in her study by giving the evidence that chronic low back pain can be caused by imbalance between various muscles of trunk including respiratory muscles and muscles of continence (Pelvic floor muscles), which are responsible for spinal and pelvic support and that pelvic floor muscle exercise may show positive effects on the population suffering from this ailment.Deduc tive ReasoningDeductive reasoning is the process of developing specific predictions from general principles (Polit and Beck 7th ed. p.11). In other words, it is the formation of reasoning from various general statements and involves pre specified design and emphasis on specific concepts. According to Roberts and Burke (1989) It refers to an approach in which a narrow outcome is reached, based on broader set of premises i.e. general knowledge or other research findings. For positivists, the deductive process is an approach from which one can cash in ones chips aware of a single reality and hypotheses are tested on the basis of a opening (DePoy Gitlins, 2005).Deductive reasoning was demonstrated by Manisha Rathi (2013), as a proper review of the study was done, which helped to form and test the hypotheses that Pelvic Floor Muscle exercise could be beneficial for patients with Chronic low back pain.ObjectivityObjective methods are appreciated in quantitative research as much as pos sible. Objectivity is the extent to which devil independent researchers would whirl up to an identical or uniform conclusion i.e. judgements are not biased on the basis of personal beliefs (Polit and Beck, 7th ed. p. 340, 562).Manisha Rathis (2013) study demonstrates the basis of objectivity, as the participants had to undergo a position inclusion and exclusion criteria which assured that only subjects (married females) of a particular age group with chronic low back pain, having indomitable symptoms of pain and functional disability for more than twelve weeks must be included in the study. Pregnant females, females having Urogenital dysfunction, Pelvic inflammatory disease, Nerve blur to pelvic floor muscle, any pathology of spine or lower limb were excluded in order to avoid the bias.Defined Protocol and Empirical EvidenceIn Experimental research, researchers have the Independent variable, which means that the participants are exposed to different treatments or conditions. An Intervention protocol is necessary for the study to develop and specify simply what intervention will entail i.e. who would administer it, how frequently and for how long a treatment would last. (Polit and Beck, 7th ed.).Manisha Rathi (2013) has followed a specific modules which included subjects enrolment process, their allocation of control group and treatment group and entropy analysis through different statistical methods. A proper treatment protocol was executed to confirm that the type of treatment and duration received by all the subjects were same.Empirical evidence, according to Polit et al. (7th ed.) is the evidence rooted in objective reality and collected through data collection, utilizing ones own senses rather than through personal beliefs or hunches. Evidence for a study in a positivist paradigm is gathered systematically, using stiff instruments to collect the required information. In the study Manisha Rathi (2013) manipulated the independent variables to observe the results. The pain was determined by using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the functional disability was determined by Oswestry Disability Index.CritiqueAccording to Polit Beck,(7th ed.) A studys strengths and limitations can be assessed by critiquing of the research. The reviewers summary of the merits of the study, advice regarding the value of the evidence, and suggestions about improving the study or the report is concluded in a critique. According to Polit and Hungler (6th ed.), the quality of a research is closely related to the kinds of decisions the researcher has made in conceptualizing, designing, executing and understand the results of the study and critiquing further helps to provide a feedback. A Critiquing tool (ref. to Appendix B) has been used to explore and examine the strengths and limitations of the study done by Manisha Rathi (2013), which will be discussed in the following paragraphs.The Title, Abstract and Study PurposeThe title of the study by Manish a Rathi (2013), is concise and gives us the information and indication about the content of study. It also reflects the research approach and the population examined. The abstract compiles the aim, research design, population, method used, results and a conclusion which provides us a brief information about the overview of the theoretical archetype underlying the research along with what a reader is going to find in the research paper. The result and conclusion provides a basis and creates a oddment for a further detailed reading.Manisha Rathi (2013) has precisely determined the studys finding of investigating the efficacy of a therapeutic exercise (Pelvic Floor Exercise) method, on a particular population, in the studys title and abstract. This is an important issue in the field of physiotherapy practice, as Chronic low back pain is a very common ailment within the adult population and the symptoms like increased pain and disability hampers the activities of daily living and is required to be addressed properly.Research tendency and Research HypothesesManisha Rathi (2013) has applied a true-experimental design (pre test post test control group design ) and cause effect was tested through the venture that PFM exercises could be of benefit for the patients with chronic low back pain. In this study the hypothesis was formulated, followed by a books review, and then hypothesis was confirmed by process of various measurements and statistical methods. The research design was appropriate as per the research purpose and it also minimized bias and replication of this study is also possible as the study was well explained.Literature reviewThe literature review done by Manisha Rathi (2013) was brief, up to date and included all the important information required for the study. It provides a solid basis for the new study. It was also portrayed and organised in an easy manner to understand, as it started with an introduction of low back pain, its classification, c linical factors and symptoms followed by brief information about the pelvic floor muscles exercises.Study SampleManisha Rathi (2013) conducted a randomised control study on thirty married females, under the age group between 20- 40 years, with chronic low back pain. They were divided by random allocation into two groups i.e. an experimental and a control group. The researcher has given a good information and has well draw the study sample of females with Chronic low back pain. She has followed a particular inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria for the selection of participants in order to minimize bias which strengthens the studys internal validity and also might help in getting efficient results. However, the trial was carried on a small sample size i.e. only on thirty females, 15 in each group (group A and group B).Ethical ConsiderationsThe ethical approval was given(p) for Manisha Rathis(2013) study by the Institutional Ethical Committee of Dr. D.Y. Patil College of Physiot herapy, Pune. The study was conducted in the Out tolerant Department of the college and an informed consent was obtained from all the participants. However, it is not mentioned whether the participants were fully aware about the nature of the research or not.Data Collection and AnalysisMethods of gathering data was appropriate. Pre intervention readings and post intervention readings were taken on the 1st day of visit and at the end of 4 weeks respectively. However, there were no follow ups.Manisha Rathi (2013), in her study, assessed pain intensity, in a unverifiable way, by utilizing Visual Analogue Scale and functional disability was also assessed in a subjective way, by utilizing Oswestry Disability Index , which is a reliable questionnaire.Study ResultsThe study done by Manisha Rathi (2013) shows that the research hypotheses was adequately answered as there was improvement in pain and functional disability levels, following the treatment.Manisha Rathi(2013) has shown her find ings in the graphs and has given the P value, which makes it easy to understand and co-relate the results with her conclusion. The Findings based on Manisha Rathis (2013) study would help physiotherapists to achieve make better and efficient results while treating patients of Chronic low back pain with the help of Pelvic Floor Muscle exercises. However, limitations of the study includes that the pain intensity and functional disability were measured in a subjective way, on a small sample size and no follow up for treatment was done. Also, EMG and sonography was not done for objective outcome measures such as muscle activity and muscle thickness.DiscussionThe study done by Manisha Rathi(2013) supports the hypothesis that Pelvic Floor Muscle exercise could be of benefit for the patients with Chronic low back pain. Furthermore, the findings and results of her study were well cogitate to the facts and information provided by her in the literature review which forms a strong base of t he study.RefrencesManisha Rathi (2013), has explored and gathered an ample amount of literature from various studies done in the past. This might be because low back ache is a very common condition and many studies have already been done on this ailment and its treatment.Appendix BCritiquing ToolThe titleIs it concise yet informative?Is the research approach suggesting the key phenomenon?Is the population group identified?The abstract be the study area, methods, processes, conclusions and implications correctly and concisely described?Where the aims and/or objectives stated ?Does it provide a good basis for deciding whether or not the study is worth reading?Study purposeIs the purpose of the study/research problem clearly identified and relevant to your practice?Research design and research hypothesisIs there a framework/theory to guide the study? Is it appropriate?Who will be studied?What is the plan for conducting the study?Are all variables described?Does the hypothesis reflect t he purpose of the study?Literature reviewIs the literature review provide a solid basis for the new study?Study sampleWho is identified as the rear population?How were the subjects chosen (e.g., randomly, conveniently)?Who is included?Who is excluded?Is the sample size sufficient?Ethical considerationsWere the participants fully informed about the nature of the research?Was ethical permission granted for the study?Data collection and analysisWhat steps were taken to collect the data?How often was data collected and for how long?What instruments or tools were used?Are the tools adequately described for you to understand what the score means?Were data analysis procedures appropriate?Study resultsIs the research hypothesis answered?Could you make a change in your practice based on the results of this study?What are the strengths to using the information learned?What are the limitations or the gaps in the study?DiscussionAre the findings linked back to the literature review?If a hypoth esis was identified, was it supported?ReferencesWere all the books, journals and other media alluded to in the study accurately referenced?SourcesPolit Beck.(2010) Essentials of nursing research assess evidence for nursing practice(7th ed.) Lippincott.(pg no.102-103)Ryan, F., Coughlan , M., Cronin, P.(2007). Step-by-step guide to critiquing research. Part 2 qualitative research. British Journal of Nursing, 16, 11, 738-744.Schneider , Elliott , Lo Biondo Wood, Haber (2003), Nursing research methods, critical appraisal and utilisation. (2nd ed.)..1

Monday, June 3, 2019

Profile of Henri Fayol, a Founding Father of Management

Profile of Henri Fayol, a Founding Father of Management orbit and CarrierHenri Fayol was a French industrialist and manager, working in the tap industry and looking for applic satisfactory solution to business commission. He went to eachow in aim in Lyon (the succor largest city of France) and enrolled at the applied science school of Saint-Etienne (Ecole Nationale des Mines). He received an education as a mine engineer and graduated in 1860 from this school at the age of 19. He was first employed as an engineer at Boigues, Rambourg and Co. In 1874, this company became Commentry-Fourchambault SA or Comambault). It is essential to nonice he decease all his professional life in the same company experiencing its expansion and knowing well its structure and production methods. Fayol was first remarked as an engineer when he wrote a paper proposing a solution to fire hazard, fire fitting and spontaneous combustion in mine, destructing men and installations. In 1866, he was app ointed conductor of a single mine of Commentry at the age of 25. The company was going through expansion and added several other mines to the company in other crack of France such as Monvicq coal mine and Berry Iron Ore Mine. He became the directors of those mines as well at the age of 31. In the same time, those expansions did not translated in increase of dividend. Quite the contrary, Fayol had to face the fact that Comambault was in dire financial straits. In the late 1880s, the company had failed to pay dividends for at least 4 categorys. In 1888, at the age of 47 he became the CEO of the Comambault conglomerate. The objective of his mission as a CEO was to seduce the company viable again which he did. He worked closely with his managers to turn the company around, closing inefficient units, investing in research and technology and expanding the geographical base of the company. In 1908, in a discourse he gave he reminded this episode of industrial historyIn 1888, the compan y Commentry-Fourchambault was on the verge of disappearing in abandoning its plants and in resuming the exhaustion of the mine stocks, when a change of head office came. Since then, the company prospered again. The companys history shows that its fall and rising be uniquely an effect of the administrative process employed. This is with the same mines and the same plants, with the same financial resources, in the same commercialized situation, the same board of directors, and the same personal that the company raises again to this moment. Therefore, some administrative methods leave the company to its ruin other methods give it its prosperity back. Work, experience, knowledge and undecomposed will of several thousands of people had been sterilized by some dys regional administrative process. And other administrative processes emphasize all its strength.Fayol was head of a very large business with over 10,000 employees, which at the time, was comparable to todays international com panies. He remained CEO until his seclusion at the end of WWI, in 1918. Before his retirement in 1916, Fayol published his main book Administration Industrielle et Generale in the professional popularation called Bulletin de la Socit de lindustrie minrale. In 1917, he sets up the Centre for Administrative Studies (CAS) in Paris. His reflections were published as a book only in 1925, the year of his death. This centre was important in diffusing his ideas. It organised seminars and colloquium with industrialists, public sector officials of the French state, engineers, the military, and various academics. The CAS was a platform from which collaboration and further works could be d cardinal. From 1921 to 1925, he collaborated to several studies on behalf of the Frenchs public sector. Notably, he produced a study of the Post and Telecom Department as well as the French tobacco and Match monopoly.Why a founding Father of Management?One remarkable feature about Henri Fayols influence in management is the fact that he is little known compared to Taylor (1856-1915) who lived roughly at the same time. The epoch of the great development of the XIX century industry does not explain why one hits more fame than the other. In 1912, Charles de la Poix de Frminville met Taylor and stated to spread the principles of Taylorian scheme of work. Taylors work dealt with the workshop of manufacturing and Fayols with the mining industry and its general management. One must claim that one aspects of the relative slow diffusion of Fayols ideas, is due to timing. In 1916 and 1918, France was dealing with the WWI and its aftermath. Although many of Fayols principles he developed in studies during 1921-25 could have been drug abused for bettering the management of the French state agencies and enterprises were not followed. The reason have to be found in the institutional change of France at the time, whereby France was separating the church from the state in education, the growth of the public sector, crunch union and large businesses correlated with the rise of professional managers and the interest in technology development. My view is that, for ideological reason, when the French state was trying to beef up itself (by establishing national system of education, nationalisation of companies (train system, post telecom, etc.) but also vis--vis the threat of Germany), Fayols pragmatic criticism and suggestion to change the states forms of management were not always welcome. The accompaniment of the state own industry and the regulation of market by state agencies went well until 1986.That is in the large part, the reason why the French themselves did not hear Henri Fayols work the convenient resource to deal with the management of the Frenchs state agencies and industries. The US business school considered Henri Fayols works worth teaching their undergraduates. It only since the last 10 years (around the end of the 1990) Frenchs scholars have been studying back their own managerial roots. Despite the history of how Fayols ideas come about, one may ask us what is important in them to be consider foundational to management thought. In fact, there is, as any classical management thinker, a basic originality in Fayols proposition on the need of management regarding the dealing of the industry.Fayols OriginalityTo a large extend, all management thinkers and practitioners view the management function as the means to organise proficient function of the business toward an optimal economic efficiency. In this respect, Henri Fayol, Frederick Taylor or Alfred Sloan do not differ in their aim. One can find Fayols formulation of the agency of management in the industry in a talk he gave in 1900 at the Congrs International des Mines et de la Metallurgie. Fayol marques the following remarksThe technical and commercial services are rather well defined, which is not the case of the administrative services. The way it is built and the attribution it fulfils are not well known, its operations are not immediately clear. It does not visibly built, forge, sell or buy but nevertheless, everybody knows that if it does not work well, the company goes downhill.Something on recruitment It is necessary to link surmise and practice in engineers education. But it is about the equipoise of each we may differ. Some think one needs to overcharge the programs as well as the lectures given in the engineering schools, other think that we have already reached the limit of theoretical teaching and that one waist our elites youth one or two years that would be better employed in active life.He also make clear in his Book, General and Industrial Management, the balance of skills and attention one needs to deal with engineering work and management work. Fayol drew attention to the need for schools and universities to educate people about administration as a topic of its own right (in conjunction to engineering, and not engineering alone). The poi nt of his reflection on the education needs of the engineers was trying to deal with the qualities ask to make a good manager rather than relying on the formal rules of engineering, its aura amongst the bourgeoisie to provide good job to their kids. For that matter, the list of qualities needed to abbreviate effective manager is rather dissimilar to what is required to be an engineer alonePhysical qualities health, vigor, address (manner of behaving)Mental qualities ability to understand, judge and adapt moralistic qualities energy, firmness, willingness to accept responsibility, initiative, tact, loyalty and dignityGeneral educationSpecial knowledge pertaining to the functional context of work, function, technical and so on.Experience knowledge of work, recollection of lessons from experience.Fayol father the need of education very seriously. He indicates three main sources of issues that can potentially trouble the good education of managers (a) the problem of industrial concen tration, (b) the role of higher(prenominal) technical education and its abuse of mathematics and (c) intellectual curiosity.The problem of industrial concentrationManaging great business has always presented great difficulties. To get a grok of it, suffice to glimpse over the various charges a CEO has to get to into account. Those difficulties are inherent to the nature of things and have existed at all time. But what did not exist all the time was the recent industrial development and industrial concentration which increased considerably the proportion of big deals and show the lack of good CEO.The role of higher education and the abuse of mathematicsWe abuse mathematics in the belief that more one knows it, more one is able to regulate businesses. Also, we are in the belief that their study, more than anything else, develops and makes the judgement correct. Those are mistakes which cause serious issues to our country and which seems to me useful to fight. () A long personal exp erience taught me that the use of higher mathematics is worthless in business management, and that engineers, pitworkers or steelworkers almost never use it.I firmly believe that elementary mathematics generate to form your judgement, as all other branches of general culture. I nevertheless do not believe that an intense higher mathematical culture, imposed without fatality to future engineers has the same effect. The excessive culture of any kind of science is unhealthy to both the physic and the intellect. The studies of mathematics do not make exception. canvas at length with intensity, it leaves intact only the well balanced brains. One sees transcending mathematicians without common find and we see numerous men of common wizard who are not mathematicians.Intellectual curiosityYou are not prepared to take the direction of a company, even small. School did not give you the administration, commercial and account statement notions you need to be a CEO. Even if school would ha ve provided them, you will still lack practice and experience that can only be acquired by the contact of men and things. () one asks you to bring with you your diploma, reflection, logic and a spirit of observation and dedication to the accomplishment of your task.Work to complete your professional knowledge, but do not neglect general instruction. Directors inspiring high esteem and admiration never stopped, you will see, to learn through constant effort. () You belong to the intellectual elite, so you should not be uninterested in news, you should be aware of the general ideas agitating modern society in all domains.One sees that Fayol proverb that the engineering education (such as he received with its predominance of mathematics) did not answer the challenge one is facing when dealing with organisation and human matters. He saw in management the field of practice and reflection that was needed in the domain where engineering, although provide efficient techniques for dealing w ith materials, was unable to address the human aspects. It does not mean that management was a sort of humanism but the normal counter-part of the rationalisation of an organisation (private or public) having in mind that one needs to take a special attention to the question of human organisation if one wants an industry to function.Fayols Administrative TheoryAs a result of his experience and of a continuous reflection on the way to make corporation work best, in situation of change, he reckons one needs to establish an administrative hypothesis which takes into accountThe need of projections. It demands to establish a system of yearly projections for the long term objectives and monthly projections for special activities in the company fitting the global planning. The role of projection for the personal is to be able to assess what has been achieved as people go on working.To fight bureaucracy by facilitating the face to face relations, avoiding the numerousness of hierarchies w hich increase the irresponsibility of the directors. Also one needs to stability in hierarchy and the possibility to reward or penalize the use of power.Pragmatism has to be applied in the division of labour by controlling stopping points to be always balanced with the situation.The need to use control managers to be able to take decisions rapidly before it turns to be catastrophic.In the general literature in management, Fayol is often seen as the top-down manager that worked out the tools of governance to the distribution of task. In fact, his main focus was not to formalise the tools of decision making in a simple chart to follow. Fayols point was that an organisation could not be managed with a simplest view concerning both the function of the organisation and its human components. And for that matter, it is first necessary to consider the organisation, not simply from the tasks analysis view following technology use the industry, but as an integration of several key functions . In other words, Fayol invites us to grasp at once the complexity of the management of business organisation by taking into account the following functionsTechniques (production, transformation), commerce (business and sales), finance (capital management and research), security (protection of goods and persons), accounting (balance sheet, inventory, factory price, statistics, etc) and administration (foresight, organisation, miss, coordination and control).Donald Reid (in his paper on Fayol called Fayol From Experience to Theory) make clear that Fayol, as a practitioner, did accumulate a number of industrial and managerial experience before putting his ideas on paper. He kept productive notes of his observations, having a particular interest in organisational failure and the nature of responsibility and authority among key decision makers. In 1861, Fayol write in his notebook an precedent of management failure. In one mine, he saw that all work had to be stopped because of an in jury to a working horse. The mine manager was off and the stable manager had no authority to obtain the replacement of the injured horse. In the case of the horse replacement, it was the inability of the company structure to deal with this technical problem that causes inefficiency. Fayol did identify that authority was required to overrun narrow conception of decision making that did not keep the final objective in mind. Fayol was able to overrun the absence of the stable manager in order to get things done. In this case, one sees that authority is neither authoritative nor working without the flexibility demanded by the condition of the situation (the production of coal in this case). In his work, General and Industrial Management, he reviewed all aspects of management involved in the running of a business. Concerning the authority, he came with a list of principlesUnity of commandHierarchical chain of commandSeparation of powers (authority, subordination, responsibility and cont rol)CentralisationOrder.But he did not trim down only on authority since his interest was about the functioning of the industrial business in its entirety. Since most of the problems he encountered were not technical in the sense of related to engineering skill but mostly managerial, he came to the conclusion that one needed a certain element of creativity in the managerial practices in order to accommodate industrial realities. For example, he gave the possibility of experienced workers to become supervisors of work groups. In developing working teams with the authority to act and make decisions in the mines, it improved both motivation and effectiveness. The objective was to make them responsible for quality and the timing of work. He observed that all employees are involved in the administration of the business to a greater or lesser degree.In his book General and Industrial Management, he draws a comprehensive perspective of all his experience. One may call this a general theor y. But it is clear that in Fayols words, it is an attempt to generalise the sum of experiences he has observed in managing Comambault in order to deliver a compendium of his ideas that could transcend industry and organisational types. One sees that in keeping the area of management large (from the decision making, the work race as well as the selection of human resources) Fayol identified the following principles of management (see text 1 of the reading list)Division of work specialisation of labourAuthority the right to direct the work of others but requiring commensurate responsibility for actions and performanceDiscipline obedience and respect for the organisation and fellow workersUnity of command one superior rather than many in contrast to F W TaylorUnity of direction one agreed plan of action prima(p) to focus and coordination of effortSubordination of individual interest to the general interestRemuneration to incentivise and make employees more valuableCentralisati on to achieve the right proportion of centralised and decentralised decision making to optimize personnelScalar chain the chain of authority from top to bottom, allowing also for lateral communication and decision making (the gang plank)Order people and resources in their appropriate placeEquity equitable employee relations based on respect and kindlinessstableness of tenure of personnel to assist in resources planningInitiative encouraging energy and zeal throughout the organisationEsprit de Corps building a sense of belonging and team work